Silabus
Bahasa Mandarin
中文
Program 304 sesi yang mengantar lo dari nol sampai percakapan near-native dalam Bahasa Mandarin (中文 Zhōngwén / 普通话 Pǔtōnghuà). Struktur Linguo: A1 (3 chapter), A2 (4 chapter), B1 (5 chapter), B2 (7 chapter). Pedagogically structured untuk tonal language + 2 writing systems: Pinyin mastery + 4 tones drilled relentlessly A1.1 (Indo speakers' biggest hurdle), Hanzi gradual frequency-based intro A1.1 sesi 6 → ~150 A1, ~400 A2, ~1200 B1, ~2500 B2 (HSK 5 target). Grammar SVO + topic-comment structure unik, NO verb conjugation (time markers + aspect particles 了/着/过 instead, di A2.1 mastery), measure words obligatory dari A1.1 sesi 14, 把 disposal construction + 被 passive + complements (resultative/directional/potential) A2 onwards, classical influence + chengyu mastery B2. Imersi kultur Tionghoa 5000 tahun: Confucius 论语 + Laozi 道德经 + Buddhism arrival, dinasti Han→Tang→Song→Ming→Qing → Republic → PRC 1949 → Deng Xiaoping reforms 1978 → modern rise, Four Great Novels (Three Kingdoms + Water Margin + Journey to West + Dream of Red Chamber), Lu Xun → Mo Yan Nobel 2012 → Liu Cixin Three-Body Problem, Zhang Yimou + Wong Kar-wai + Ang Lee cinema, Jay Chou + C-pop, Peking opera + 京剧 + calligraphy 书法 + 国画, 8 great cuisines (Sichuan málà + Cantonese dim sum + heritage), tea culture 6 classifications, 关系 guanxi + 面子 face concept, Beijing Forbidden City + Great Wall + Shanghai modern, Tier-1 cities + tech giants (Alibaba, Tencent, ByteDance, Huawei), WeChat Pay + Alipay cashless revolution, Belt and Road, modern challenges (aging, 内卷 involution, 躺平 lying flat). Test prep B2.7: HSK 5 (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì, official Hanban/MOE) — diakui untuk study + work + visa China.
Struktur lengkapA1–B2 (304 sesi)
Standar internasionalKurikulum berbasis CEFR
Mulai dari levelmuPemula hingga menengah atas
Belajar fleksibelPilihan program sesuai kebutuhan
Pemula A1
≈ HSK 1–2Fondasi Elementer. Pedagogically structured untuk tonal language Mandarin: Pinyin system mastery (21 initials + 6 finals), 4 tones + neutral drilled (mā/má/mǎ/mà minimal pairs critical untuk Indo speakers), tone pairs + sandhi rules (3+3→2+3), Hanzi gradual intro sesi 6 (frequency-based: 我/你/好/是/不 first). Grammar SVO basic: 是 shì (identity) + 有 yǒu (possession) + negation 不/没, modal verbs (想/可以/会/应该), measure words (个/本/张) integrated dari sesi 14 (essential Mandarin signature). Akhir A1: introduce diri sendiri, order di restoran, navigate routine, kuasai ~800 kata + ~150 hanzi.
Chapter 1
First Steps
16 sesi · A1.1 · Pilih kartu untuk lihat topik sesi
- Pinyin = sistem romanisasi Mandarin (resmi 1958)
- 21 initial konsonan + 6 vokal dasar + tones
- Tujuan: read Mandarin pakai alfabet Latin sebelum Hanzi
- Hanzi pengenalan dari sesi 6 — fokus Pinyin + tones dulu
- 1st tone (¯): mā 妈 (mother) — flat high
- 2nd tone (´): má 麻 (hemp) — rising
- 3rd tone (ˇ): mǎ 马 (horse) — dipping
- 4th tone (`): mà 骂 (scold) — falling | Neutral: ma 吗 (question) | Same syllable, 4+ meanings!
- 3+3 → 2+3 (sandhi rule): nǐ hǎo → ní hǎo
- bù 不 + 4th tone → bú (bú shì 不是)
- yī 一 + tone change rules
- Drill: minimum pairs xī xí xǐ xì (mengangkat-membersihkan-suka-sistem)
- 你好 nǐ hǎo — hello (3+3 sandhi → ní hǎo)
- 早上好 zǎoshang hǎo — selamat pagi
- 晚上好 wǎnshang hǎo — selamat malam
- 再见 zàijiàn — sampai jumpa
- 我是___ wǒ shì ___ — saya adalah ___
- 我叫___ wǒ jiào ___ — saya bernama ___
- Mandarin pronoun: 我 wǒ (I), 你 nǐ (you), 他/她 tā (he/she — same Pinyin!)
- 您 nín — 'you' polite (vs 你 informal)
- 我 wǒ (I), 你 nǐ (you), 好 hǎo (good)
- 是 shì (to be), 不 bù (not)
- Stroke order — kiri-atas → kanan-bawah pattern
- Linguo target: ~150 hanzi by end A1
- 一二三四五六七八九十 (yī èr sān sì wǔ liù qī bā jiǔ shí)
- Hanzi: simple → complex strokes
- Daily use: phone numbers, ages, prices
- Note 二 èr vs 两 liǎng — different uses (lihat sesi 14)
- 你叫什么名字? nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? — what's your name?
- Jawab: 我叫___ wǒ jiào ___
- 你是哪国人? nǐ shì nǎ guó rén? — what nationality?
- 我是印尼人 wǒ shì yìnní rén — saya orang Indonesia
- 中国 Zhōngguó (China), 美国 Měiguó (USA), 印尼 Yìnní (Indo), 日本 Rìběn (Japan)
- Patterns: ___ 国 (-guó = country), ___ 人 (-rén = person), ___ 语 (-yǔ = language)
- 我会说中文 wǒ huì shuō zhōngwén — saya bisa bicara Chinese
- 汉语 hànyǔ vs 中文 zhōngwén vs 普通话 pǔtōnghuà — semua = Mandarin (subtle differences)
- 吗 ma di akhir kalimat = pertanyaan ya/tidak
- 你是学生吗? nǐ shì xuésheng ma? — Apakah kamu siswa?
- Mandarin questions = NO inversion (kata urut sama)
- Question words: 什么 shénme (apa), 谁 shéi (siapa), 哪儿 nǎr (dimana)
- 中 zhōng (middle/China), 国 guó (country), 人 rén (person)
- 美 měi (beautiful/America), 日 rì (sun/Japan), 本 běn (book/root)
- Compound: 中国 = middle kingdom (etimologi China)
- 美国 = beautiful country (transliteration America)
- 11 = 十一 shí yī (10+1), 20 = 二十 èr shí (2×10)
- 100 = 一百 yī bǎi
- 你多大? nǐ duō dà? — berapa umurmu?
- 我二十五岁 wǒ èr shí wǔ suì — saya 25 tahun
- 爸爸 bàba (papa), 妈妈 māma (mama)
- 哥哥 gēge (kakak L), 姐姐 jiějie (kakak P), 弟弟 dìdi (adik L), 妹妹 mèimei (adik P)
- Reduplication = affectionate (Mandarin family terms)
- Tip: Chinese family terms ranked by birth order — kompleks!
- Mandarin WAJIB pakai measure word antara angka + noun
- 一个人 yī gè rén (1 [generic] person)
- 一本书 yī běn shū (1 [book MW] book)
- Common MW: 个 gè (generic), 本 běn (book), 张 zhāng (flat: paper, ticket), 只 zhī (animal)
- 两 liǎng vs 二 èr — both = 2 but DIFFERENT contexts
- 二 èr untuk ordinal/digits (二月 February, 第二 2nd)
- 两 liǎng untuk quantity + MW (两个人 = 2 people)
- Common pattern: number + MW + noun (rigid order)
- Recap Pinyin + tones + greetings + 50 hanzi
- 北京 Běijīng — capital sejak Yuan Dynasty (Kublai Khan)
- 故宫 Gùgōng (Forbidden City) — 600 years, 9999 rooms legend
- 天安门 Tiān'ānmén — Gate of Heavenly Peace